C4h10
Butane
Butane (C4H10) is a colourless, highly flammable gas that is commonly used as a fuel in lighters, portable stoves, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays.
It is part of the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) family and can be easily liquefied under pressure for storage and transportation. Sourced primarily from natural gas processing and oil refining, Butane is often mixed with propane in LPG applications for heating and cooking.
Butane is also used in the petrochemical industry to produce products like synthetic rubber. While it is non-toxic at low levels, butane displaces oxygen and can lead to asphyxiation in confined spaces. It is also highly flammable, posing a serious fire and explosion hazard, making the detection of any leaks of paramount importance.
Colourless and odourless gas
Highly flammable gas
Used as fuel and in aerosol propellants
Can displace oxygen in enclosed spaces
Serious fire and explosion risk
More about Butane
Hazard | Highly flammable, asphyxiant in confined areas |
Classification | Flammable gas |
Exposure limits |
(OSHA) PEL\TWA: 800 ppm |
Industries present | Gas production, aerosol manufacturing, rubber production, camping fuel |
Health effects | Asphyxiation in confined spaces, mild narcotic effects at high exposure |
Environmental impact | Contributes to air pollution and ground-level ozone formation |
Duration in air | Butane can persist in the atmosphere for a few days and reacts with other chemicals, contributing to smog formation |
At concentrations between 1.8% and 8.4% in air, butane’s flammability becomes a serious hazard, making it dangerous in poorly ventilated areas, or areas where there is an ignition source, such as sparks or open flames.
In enclosed spaces, butane can quickly displace oxygen, leading to risk of asphyxiation. Symptoms of butane exposure can include headaches, dizziness, nausea, confusion, and, in severe cases, unconsciousness or death. Prolonged exposure or inhalation at high concentrations can have narcotic effects, potentially leading to respiratory failure.
In cases of inhalation, move to fresh air immediately. If breathing has stopped or is difficult, provide oxygen or perform CPR and seek medical help.
Where there has been eye contact, flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
If there has been skin contact, wash affected skin with soap and water if exposed to liquefied butane, and seek medical help if frostbite occurs.
How to detect butane
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