so2
Sulphur Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a colourless and extremely toxic gas.
It has a strong smell, like that of a match which has just been struck, which can choke those in the vicinity.
Common applications of sulphur dioxide include sulfuric acid production, pulp and paper mills, chemical processing, food and beverage operations, and petroleum refineries.
It is created through the burning and smelting of fossil fuels and sulphur-containing mineral ore. When dissolved (such as in rains) it forms sulphuric acid- which is highly corrosive. It is for this reason that sulphur dioxide can burn the respiratory tract upon inhalation.
Colourless with a pungent smell
Toxic and irritating
Poisonous if inhaled
Reacts with moisture to produce sulphuric acid
Naturally occurring
More about Sulphur Dioxide
Hazard | Toxic, corrosive, and an irritant to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin |
Classification | Acute toxicity; oxidizing agent |
Exposure limits |
(OSHA) PEL\TWA: 5 ppm |
Industries present | Fossil fuel combustion, metal smelting, chemical manufacturing, paper production |
Health effects |
Causes respiratory irritation, throat discomfort, coughing, and can aggravate lung diseases like asthma |
Environmental impact | Major contributor to acid rain, harmful to vegetation, aquatic life, and air quality |
Duration in air | Can persist in the atmosphere for days to weeks, depending on environmental conditions |
When dissolved in water sulphur dioxide becomes sulphuric acid. This is a large component of acid rain, which causes damage to the environment by ruining crops, forests, wildlife habitats. It also decays materials and buildings.
Alongside the environmental impact of sulphur dioxide, in all its forms, this substance also causes harm to human health. When inhaled or ingested it can affect the respiratory system, causing congestion, ENT irritation, wheezing, asthma attacks and at worst loss of consciousness.
If exposed to sulphur dioxide it is important to act quickly, as when SO2 reacts with body moisture sulphurous and sulfuric acids are formed which can cause chemical burns.
Affected or soiled clothes should be removed immediately, before exposed areas of the body are washed with plain water or saline, for up to five minutes. Contact lenses must also be removed in order to avoid trauma to the eye.
For respiratory issues, oxygen masks can be used to help stabilise the system. For more severe breathing difficulties, individuals should be transferred to critical care and supported with breathing through CPR.
How to detect sulphur dioxide
Need some expert advice?
The team here at Crowcon are industry leaders in gas detection, and between us have decades of experience working with and around substances like ammonia. If you want advice on gas detection and safety, a member of our team is always on hand to walk you through the best resources and advice to keep you, your site, and your personnel safe.
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